What are the basics to learn computer science?

What are the basics to learn computer science?

Computer science is the study of computers & the basics to learn computer science which includes both software and hardware. It also includes the study of algorithms & data structures, programming languages, software engineering, computer architecture and organization, computer networks, operating systems, database systems, artificial intelligence(AI) , graphics and visualization, and many more.

The main purpose of studying computer science is to build the following abilities in a person: personal development, understanding the world around us, problem-solving & critical thinking, innovation and creativity, becoming a lifelong learner, developing valuable soft skills, and becoming a lifelong learner.

So, the future of computer science is expected to be full of innovation & have a great future because of its exciting developments. The Technology is going to help to help humans to complete their tasks in an effective and in the efficient way . The technology is always designed to make the lives easier not to compete with or replace the humans.  

Some of the branches of computer science are discussed as follows :

 ALGORITHMS & DATA STRUCTURES:

An Algorithm is a step-by-step approach to solving any problem. In an algorithm, the set of rules is used to obtain the required or expected output from the given input. we build a logic or a plan to be executed for solving a problem & for making a problem easy to solve we use a step-by-step approach.

while in Data Structures we organize data in a specific way in a computer memory. we can say that data structures define how the data is accessed and stored in a computer's memory.

There are 4 types of Data Structures :

1.  linked lists 
2. Arrays 
3. Stacks 
4. Queues

so these are types of Data Structures that are used to solve the problem . 

 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:

We use programming languages in computer science for multiple purposes : we can communicate with computer , we can use programming languages as problem solving tools , we can develop websites & mobile applications using programming languages.

 

There are different number of programming languages . According to online historical encyclopedia of programming languages there are 8,945 languages . however there are thousands of languages that are created and thousands will be created in future while few hundreds are used actively .

Programming languages actively used are : C , C++ , Python , Java , Java Script , PHP , Ruby, Rust , and many more. 

 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING:

 The main job of a software engineer is to develop a software. while there are 7 stages of development of any system/ software: Analysis phase,  Designing phase, Planning phase,  Implementation phase, Testing phase, Deployment phase,  Maintenance.

So, these are the phases or stages also called the "system development life cycle ", which a software engineer has to face while developing any type of system or software.

 

 The main specializations within the software engineering are : Full-Stack Engineer, App Developer, Front-End Engineer,  Back-End Engineer. Software Engineering is a bit challenging for some people however you can do specializations according to your are interest.

The (SDLC) is having great importance for creating a high-quality software in efficient way.

 

COMPUTER NETWORKS:

There are different types of computer networks: LAN(Local Area Network) , MAN(Metropolitan Area Network), WAN(Wide Area Network), WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network), and CAN(Campus Area Network).

 

Computer Networks also include the Network topologies such as: Point-to-Point Topology, Tree Topology, Mesh Topology, Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Hybrid Topology , and the  Star Topology. 

These all computer networks & included network topology are having different characteristics.

OPERATING SYSTEM :

Mainly operating system act as an interface between the  computer software & computer hardware . The operating system translates the instructions from software program written in high-languages to the machine code so that the hardware can understand the instructions.

Operating System manages the memory related tasks , supports multi-tasking , manages the tasks of peripheral devices , managed security and the user interface . There are different types of OS including batch OS , multi-programming OS , real-time OS , distributed OS , mobile OS .

There are different types of operating systems , some of them are based on the graphical user interface(GUI) while some of them are based on the command line interface  (CLI). The GUI includes the tabs , menus . while the CUI includes the commands on the basis of which the system takes the action or perform the tasks given by the commands.

Example of Operating System are Windows , Mac-OS , Linux , and many more .

DATABASE SYSTEMS :

The database is the set or the collection of tools that allow users to collect data , organize it in the structured way , so that it can be easily accessible to the users . we can manage data electronically .

The Database Management System (DBMS) is the software which allows user to create , modify , restore the data . it also gives the control access to the user , and manages the security including the overall performance of the database .

The advantages of using the database system are : data is secured by limiting the access of the data to the limited persons or the users  , DBMS ensures that data  is accurate & correct , data is organized .

So , that's why the Database Systems are widely used in apps & by the companies , analysts and the researchers , developers , and the individuals .

ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) :

Artificial Intelligence is the new emerging field of the computer science . In simple words the main goal of AI is to achieve the capability of performing the tasks that normally needs the intelligence of humans by using the approach of Machine learning  , Natural languages Processing , Deep Learning . 

Artificial Intelligence is having a great impact on the multiple industries, used in : Medical Diagnoses , Self-Driven Vehicles , Robotic machineries in the manufacturing industries ,  Virtual Assistants such as Siri and Alexa . 

AI is introduced not not to replace humans but the main reason of AI is to making the life of  humans easier , amplifying the strengths of humans , personalized assistance , boosting our abilities so that we can complete our work or tasks in efficient way .

FAQ:

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CONCLUSION:

So, this article was all about CS and its fields  This articles also covers and gives the information about the topic , "what are the basics to learn computer science ? "